Selenium in Drinking Water: Health Risks, Sources, and How to Remove It
Selenium is an inorganic contaminant that can be found in drinking water supplies. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates this element to protect public health. The Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) set by the EPA for selenium in public drinking water is 50 μg/L.
Health Effects
Exposure to high levels of selenium in drinking water can cause several adverse health impacts. Consuming water with selenium above the regulatory limit may lead to hair and fingernail loss, as well as feelings of numbness. Additionally, prolonged exposure is associated with circulatory problems.
How Selenium Gets Into Tap Water
Selenium enters drinking water supplies through both natural and industrial pathways. It can leach into water sources from natural geologic deposits in the earth. Additionally, human activities such as mining and petroleum refining can release selenium into the environment.
How to Remove Selenium From Your Water
Several standard treatment technologies can be used to remove selenium from drinking water. These treatment methods include activated alumina, reverse osmosis, and ion exchange systems. Filtration systems utilizing these techniques are commonly used to reduce selenium levels effectively.
Should You Test Your Water?
If you are concerned about selenium in your water, you can check your local utility's annual consumer confidence report or use the WaterQ search tool. Testing through a certified laboratory is recommended for those relying on private wells near mining or industrial areas. You can also look up your local water system on WaterQ or check the Selenium data page for reported levels in your area.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Selenium dangerous in drinking water?
Yes, elevated levels of selenium in drinking water can cause adverse health effects. Long-term exposure above the safe limit can result in hair and fingernail loss, numbness, and circulatory problems. However, maintaining levels below the EPA limit of 50 μg/L prevents these issues.
How does Selenium get into tap water?
Selenium gets into tap water by eroding from natural deposits in the ground. It can also enter water sources through industrial processes like mining and petroleum refining.
How can I remove Selenium from my water?
Selenium can be removed using water treatment methods such as activated alumina, reverse osmosis, or ion exchange. These technologies are effective at reducing selenium levels to meet safety standards.
Source: EPA National Primary Drinking Water Regulations and WaterQ National Database. For more contaminants, visit our contaminant library.